GEORGIAN–JEWISH RELATIONS AND IDENTITY MODELS: A CASE STUDY OF THE JEWS OF AKHALTSIKHE

Abstract

The paper aims to analyze the mechanisms of the formation and preservation of the identity of the Jewish community living in Georgia (through the example of the Jews of Akhaltsikhe) within a multiethnic environment, with particular attention to the phenomenon of dual identity. The research is based on theories of cultural identity and diaspora, according to which identity is understood as a dynamic and context-dependent process, while collective belonging is often formed within the framework of an “imagined community.”

The historical experience of Georgian Jews demonstrates that identity preservation was not based on isolation. Instead, it developed through balanced integration into Georgian social and cultural life, ensuring both the preservation of communal distinctiveness and active participation in wider society.

Internal cohesion and cultural continuity were maintained through Halakha as a system of religious norms, as well as through historical memory and the intergenerational transmission of traditions. These elements provided a stable foundation for identity and clear cultural boundaries.

At the same time, active participation in Georgian social life facilitated integration and cultural proximity, resulting in a dual identity model that combined Jewish religious-ethnic belonging with full participation in Georgian cultural space.

Notably, even after migration to Israel, many Georgian Jews retained a strong emotional and cultural perception of Georgia as a “second homeland,” highlighting the transgeographical nature of identity.

This paper aims to analyze and explain this model of dual identity, contributing to a better understanding of mechanisms of integration and identity preservation in diasporic communities.

Keywords: Georgian Jews; Akhaltsikhe; dual identity; Halakha; historical memory; integration; diaspora; Georgian–Jewish relations; cultural diversity.