THE GEORGIAN CASE OF COLLECTIVIZATION: STATE POWER AND AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE SOVIET UNION

Abstract

Collectivization became one of the largest and most tragic social events, for the Soviet Union, which significantly changed the structure of rural economy. The beginning of industrialization-collectivization affected not only the economy, but also agricultural production. As well as subsequent post-Soviet urban development.

The Russian Revolution created a new political reality, the goal of the socialist revolution was to create a state in which there would be no private property and people would unite in councils that would solve their needs at the local level. It was necessary for the economically backward former Russian Empire to develop quickly, as it was facing great challenges. As a result of the Russian Revolution, the empire collapsed and countries took advantage of the current situation, separated from Russia and declared independence. In Russia itself, a civil war was underway, despite the Bolshevik victory in Russia in 1921 and the restoration of the borders of the old empire, there was still a threat both from internal conflicts and from capitalist countries.

In 1918-1921, economic control was established in Russia, the country declared nationalization, enterprises were transferred under state control, which prepared the ground for the New Economic Policy (NEP). The Soviet Union was unable to develop an optimal economic policy for itself, it was constantly associated with the change of leaders, Joseph Stalin introduced a centrally planned economy, which was supposed to rapidly develop agriculture and limit the number of small entrepreneurs that had increased as a result of the NEP policy. N. Khrushchev, who came to power after Stalin's death, placed the main emphasis on the development of agriculture. His goal was to eliminate the industrial problems that had arisen during the time of j. Stalin.

The centralization of agriculture in the hands of the state resulted in mass starvation, and later became a prerequisite for the beginning of repressions. The implementation of the set economic and political plans failed due to their scale and lack of resources, over time, due to the unformed economic policy, the collapse occurred and the Soviet Union collapsed, which posed more problems to the countries that gained independence.

Key words: Industrialization; Five-year plan; Collectivization in Georgia; Nep; kulaks.