IMAGES OF SECULAR AUTHORITIES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES AS REPRESENTED IN MEDIEVAL GEORGIAN SCULPTURE

Abstract

In medieval Georgian fine art, images of supreme secular authorities—such as kings, queens, and feudal lords—hold a significant place alongside purely religious scenes. These figures, often depicted in their distinctive vestments and insignia, denote their social status. Frequently, they are shown alongside divine beings in symbolic compositions, which not only convey their spiritual salvation but also assert their divinely sanctioned power.

The earliest examples of such stone sculptures in Georgian art date from the 5^th to the 11^th centuries. These depictions are commonly found on early medieval stone crosses, chancel barrier tiles, and church facades.

This article examines the portrayal of secular authorities in medieval Georgian sculpture and their attributes, placing these depictions within a cross-cultural context that includes Byzantine, Armenian, and Iranian influences. By analyzing the images of secular authorities, their attributes, and accompanying inscriptions, the article illustrates the power of Georgian medieval rulers expressed through local regalia. It will also explore political orientation of the State and cultural influences between Georgia and its neighboring countries. The article will overview the information supported by historical sources.

Additionally, the article discusses the placement of sculptural images of secular authorities on church facades and their artistic features. It assesses how artistic trends of the same period of Georgian sculpture—such as stylistic innovations, the continuation of local traditions, and influences from neighboring countries—affected these works.

Key words: attribute; medieval; secular authority; relief; Georgian.