LABOR MOVEMENT IN GEORGIA 1870-1921

Abstract

In the 19th and 20th centuries, labour movements played significant role in shaping the social and political landscape. Within this period major events, including workers' movements, trade unions, and the emergence of social and political conflicts, profoundly influenced societies. As part of the Russian Empire, Georgia fell behind Europe in industrialization and the growth of the working class. However, by the latter half of the 19th century, signs of change began to appear.

This research examines the evolution of labor movements during the 1860s-1870s, with a particular focus on workers' strikes and their socio-political demands. It further studies the interaction between the labor movements and social-democratic political groups since the 1890s. Furthermore, the article explores the policies of the imperial regime towards the labour movements, as well as the revolutionary spirit among the workers, often inspired and supported by social-democratic parties.

The period from 1917 to 1921 is central to this study, as workers gained significant political influence and power after the revolution. This research scrutinizes the foundations of labour policy in the democratic republic, the role and significance of the labour movements, and trade unions, as well as the government's responses to strikes and dissents. The paper includes quotations and assessments from political leaders regarding the Republic's labor policy and trade unions.

The history of the Georgian labour movements is discussed within the broader European context, enabling a retrospective analysis of distinct periods and their significance.

Key Words: Labor Movement; Russian Empire; Social-Democrat Labor Party; The Democratic Republic of Georgia; Trade Union.