THE SİGNİFİCANCE OF THE CAUCASUS CROSSİNGS FOR THE TURKS

Abstract

For centuries, the mountain passes of the Caucasus have served as a natural conduit for the region’s connectivity, facilitating interactions and exchanges politically, culturally, and commercially among various nations. The Caucasian passes have played a crucial role in Turkish history acting as bridges for trade and cultural transmission. These passages are significant in terms of dividing Asia-Europe, South-North, Turks-Slaves, and Islam-Christianity. The Caucasus passes facilitated contacts and cultural exchanges between the Eurasian steppe peoples and the population of the Middle East. Initially, Turkish communities inhabited the mountainous regions of the Caucasus to provide pastures for large herds of animals on the steep slopes. Eventually, they expanded their presence to both sides of the passes, considering these regions as their new homeland. Passes such as Daryal-Derbend became vital bridges for the Cimmerian-Scythian-Hun and other Turkish nations to migrate Anatolia, for the expansion of trade. Furthermore, the trade conducted through the passes significantly influenced the development of historical events. Traders from distant countries traveling to the Caucasus or Anatolia had to utilize important passes such as Derbend and Daryal.

Key Words: Turks; Caucasus; Derbend; Daryal.