LITERATURE REVIEW ON DISCOURSE AND PRAGMATIC MARKERS

Irine Goshkheteliani; Ketevan Ardzenadze

Irine Goshkheteliani Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Batumi, 32/35 Rustaveli/Ninoshvili Str, Batumi, 6010, Georgia, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-640X
Ketevan Ardzenadze PhD student, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Batumi, 32/35 Rustaveli/Ninoshvili Str, Batumi, 6010, Georgia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-1724

Abstract

The analysis of political texts, especially those containing pre-election propaganda, is increasingly gaining popularity among linguists, as the primary purpose of these texts is to shape, influence, and manipulate public opinion. Language serves politics as a political struggle or influence tool, allowing politicians to adjust their speech to align with their goals and ideology by manipulating communication resources and words.

This paper presents an overview of the key characteristics of discourse and pragmatic markers in Georgian and American political discourse during elections. Since discourse and pragmatic markers are essential linguistic elements for communication and interaction, their main purposes include maintaining semantic and pragmatic consistency, expressing mental and emotional states during speech, and achieving communication goals—primarily, convincing the audience.

The research objectives are as follows: (1) to provide a literature review on the main features of discourse markers; (2) to provide a literature review on the main features of pragmatic markers; and (3) to examine discourse and pragmatic markers in Georgian and American election-related political discourse and determine their influence. Our analysis highlights how these linguistic tools, while often overlooked in casual speech, are consciously employed in political discourse to influence, persuade, and engage the audience, aligning with broader political objectives.

The research methods used include discourse analysis, lexical, semantic, comparative, and pragmatic analyses.

Keywords: election-related political discourse, influence, manipulation, discourse markers, pragmatic markers.